Wednesday, February 29, 2012

CMS Comparision Tool


While I was looking for some statistics and data that could help me with comparing different CMS(Content Management System) and I found out this tool:


  • http://www.ohloh.net/p/compare


Here you can compare projects and in particular Codebase Activity Contributors
but...wow... there not only I cannot find data supporting my thesis..


What do you think about it? Did you know that tool? Do you know alternative comparison tool that can give me an idea of the real situation?

Monday, February 27, 2012

5 Ways to Finance a Startup


There are a lot of steps that go into taking a business venture from an inkling of an idea to a full-fledged operation, but they’ll all be a waste of time if you can’t secure the funds required to get your enterprise off the ground.  And while most people have it in mind to approach a bank in order to get a loan (and indeed this is a good place to start), you may not realize that there are actually many ways to get the cash infusion your company needs, and some of them could offer more than just a decent interest rate and a schedule for repayment.  So here are a few methods you should consider when it comes to financing your startup.

1. Personal Loans  

If you can’t get impersonal banks to help you out then perhaps you should turn to those who care about you.  Your family and friends want you to succeed and if your business proposal is sound, perhaps they’ll be willing to show their regard in the form of personal loans to help you get started.  Of course, treading these waters can be treacherous; failure to repay could result in a breakdown of your personal relationships.  But if you’re confident in your ability to turn your idea into a successful business, then you may find all the help you need on the home front.

2.  Grants

There’s nothing like free money to help you start your business!  Unfortunately, you’re going to be competing with a lot of people for those funds, which means you should hedge your bets by applying for a whole slew of grants.  You can check out Grants.gov or the SBA (small business association) website to get started, but your best bet may be to look for large companies funding grants for related business ventures.

3. Business Partners 

While having a silent partner certainly sounds appealing, the idea that someone will give you the money and then leave you alone to run your operation is a little naïve. No one is really going to just drop cash in your lap and then wait to see what you do with it; they’ll want a say in how their money is managed, and that could mean giving up some control of your operations.  If you’re okay with this scenario, then there’s no reason you shouldn’t look for a partner (or partners).  In fact, you could end up with a partner that compliments you and adds more than just money to your business.  But you have to be prepared to take the input if you’re going to cash the check.

4. Angel Investors

If you can find yourself an angel with deep pockets you’ll be in a pretty good place.  Angel investors not only offer money to people in their industry (and often their hometown) as a way to support entrepreneurship within their community; they also provide mentorship borne from years of experience.

5. Venture Capital

This can be tough to secure and it’s often available only for those that are already in business and need the money to expand.  However, there are some venture capital firms that may work with you if your business plan is just that good (and you have already amassed a portion of the funds needed).  However, don’t expect them to sit back idly while you blow their dough; they’ll want to be involved in every step of the process to make sure their investment is secure

Ref: http://www.virtuosimedia.com/business/startups/5-ways-to-finance-a-startup

Places to visit in Dindigul


Dindigul Rock Fort- This 280-foot-tall fort was constructed in 1605 by Madurai King Muthi Krishna Naicker and Thirumalai Naicker. It was a witness to many wars between rulers like Tipu Sultan and the English men.
Sirumalai - Hill Resort - This is a Hill resort for weary travelers and is on the way to Natham from Dindigul. This place is accessible from Madurai also.
Thadikombu - Perumal Temple - This is 5 km. from Dindigul on the way to Karur. The main deity is Lord Alagar and the main festival is during the Tamil month of Chitrai.(April–May)
Begambur Big Mosque - This is a famous mosque in Begambur Pallivasal and is around 200–300 years old.
Sri Kottai Mariamman Kovil - This is an ancient temple believed to be 200 years old and the idol is believed to have been installed by the King Tipu Sultan. There are many deities in this temple like Mariamman which is the main deity, Vinayaka, Muruga, Madurai Veeran, Kali and Durga. The temple structure is in the form of a square. The temple is run by a board of Trustees.
Kasi Visalakshi-Vishwanathar Temple in Kunnuvarankottai or Kunnapatti (Pronounced as "Kannapatti") is eight kilometers from Batlagundu on the Batlagundu-Usilampatti road. (It is to be noted that locals pronounce the village name as Kunnuvarankottai or "Kannapatti" (Tamil:கண்ணாப்பட்டி. This area is also referred in the biography of Sri Sacchidananda Bharathi-I). This is the birth place of the 25th Pontiff of the Sringeri Sarada Peetam Sri Sacchidananda Bharathi I. There are regular buses every 30 minutes from Batlagundu bus stand to Usilampatti (the bus stop is better known as Kannapatti(Tamil:கண்ணாப்பட்டி)). It is advisable to visit the temple in the mornings from 7:30 am – 11:30 am. Shri V.Viswanathan is the priest of this temple. One main advantage of this temple is that it is just very close (walkable distance) to the main Batlagundu - Usilamapatti road and is easily accessible to devotees. There are budget restaurants in Batlagundu that serve South-Indian dishes. An added attraction is the point of confluence of the three rivers Vaigai, Manjalaru and Maruda. It is pertinent to note that the river Vaigai flows northward near this village. This is an important pilgrimage point where devotees take holy bath in the rivers during auspicious days.
Kamakshiamman Temple in Devadanapatti is eight kilometers away on the Batlagundu-Peryakulam road. The deity here is called as Moongilanai Kamakshi. There are regular buses from Batlagundu bus stand (every 10 minutes) to Periyakulam. (the bus stop is Devadanapatti).
Anjaneyar Temple in Anapatti is 5 kilometers from Nilakottai Taluk is quite popular among residents of this area. Nilakottai is 11 kilomteres from Batlagundu bus stand. This is said to be 300 year old temple built by Queen of Madurai Rani Mangamma. The idol will be half buried when the water is in full flow here. This temple is near the Peranai bridge (see site below) and regulator constructed by the British.
Sendraya Perumal Temple There is an ancient temple of Sri Sendraya Perumal situated on a hill near old Batlagundu. Mr Kannan is a priest in this temple. He is involved in developmental activities like Anna Thaanam (a programme provide free meals) and building new Mandabams (halls). People of all faiths and religions visit this temple. The temple festival is held in Kottaipatti village every other year. The temple is located on the way to the Kodaikanal hills..
Peranai It is a reservoir and a fine picnic spot from October to late February, provided the north-east monsoon sets properly and water is released from the Vaigai Dam. Peranai is a unique confluence of waters from several dams - the Vaigai Dam, the Marudanadi Dam in Dindigul, the Manjalar, and Varahanadi Dams in Theni. It is not a separate catchment area but collects and diverts water released from the Vaigai every year. This is in Nilakottai taluk of Dindigul. It is approximately 15 kilometres from Nilakottai town on the Madurai-Kodaikanal road.
Manjalar Dam This is a reservoir that stores water from Manjalar river on the foothills of Kodiakanal hillstation. This is roughly 8–10 km away from Batlagundu bus stand. This is a place to visit during monsoons from October to March if the monsoon sets properly.
Siddharmalai - A hillock 2 kilometres from Peranai and near the Vikkiramangalam village on the Usilampatti main road. There is a large natural cavern on the southern side of the hillock called the Pancha Pandava Padukkai (Bed of the Five Pandavas'). There are two rows of beds with raised pillows chiselled out of the rock inside. There is an inscription on the rock face that traces the origin of the name of Madurai city — `Mathirai' (City of Walls).
St.Joseph Church - This 100-year-old church was constructed between 1866 to 1872. This is the head church of all other Roman Catholic churches in Dindigul District.
Nagal Nagar perumal Temple - This is a Vishnu temple which is in Nagal nagar near the Railway bridge which is directed by Nagal Nagar Sourashtra Shaba.
karuppanna saamy temple- This temple located in a village called Kuttiya patty.It's 5 Km from dindigul town to theni road.This temple was shown in a tamil film named KOODAL NAGAR.

Sunday, February 12, 2012

Temples in and around Kanchipuram

Last Updated: 27th June 2011
Kanchipuram was the capital of Pallava regime and is well known for temples and silk sarees. It is the seat of the Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham established by Aadhi Sankaracharya. It is believed that Sankaracharya attained samadhi at Kanchipuram, although another school of thought holds that Kedarnath in the Himalayas is the site of his samadhi. The town has 5 out of 275 Shiva temples glorified by the Thevara hymns and 14 out of 108 Vishnu divya desams. Kamakshi amman forms the central amman shrine for all the Shiva temples here and so none of the Shiva temples within Kanchipuram will have amman shrines. Ulagalandha Perumal and Pandava thoodhar are temples with stunningly huge moolavars. Kailasanathar Temple and Vaikunda Perumal Temple are the places must be visited by everyone just for the sheer beauty of the of art and architecture.
This is a temple town with more than 150 ancient temples and only some of them are listed here. For a very detailed version with complete list of temples, click here
Vishnu Temples part of 108 Divya desams:
Vishnu Kanchi:
  • Thirukachi (Hastigiri) Varadhraaja Perumal
  • Ashtabhujakaram
  • Thiruthanka
  • Thiruvelukkai
  • Thiruvegha
Shiva Kanchi:
  • Thiru ooragam, Thiru neeragam, Thirukkaragam and Thirukkaarvaanam in the same temple complex
  • Thiruppaatakam
  • Nilanthunagal tundam
  • Thirukkalvanur
  • Thiruppavalavannam
  • Parameswara Vinnagaram
Shiva Temples part of 275 Thevara Padal Petra Sthalams
  • Ekambareswarar Temple
  • Sri Thirumetralinathar temple
  • Thiru Onan Kandhan Thali
  • Anekathangavadham
  • Kachi Nerikkaaraikkaadu
Temples being maintained by Archeological Survey of India (ASI):
  • Iravatanesvara Temple
  • Jvaraharesvara Temple
  • Matangesvara Temple
  • Muktesvara Temple
  • Pirvatanesvara Temple
  • Vaikunta Perumal Temple
  • Kailasanatha Temple
Note: Normally the Kamakshi amman temple and the Varadharaja Perumal temple are the most crowded ones. Kamakshi amman temple opens at 5:30 am and people visiting Shiva temples are expected to visit Kamakshi amman first. It is also advised to visit Varadharaja Perumal at the earliest before getting crowded.
Temples in Shiva Kanchi
Sri Kamakshi Amman temple
Significance: This is known as Aadhi Sakthi peetam. This temple forms the amman shrine for all the Shiva temples within Kanchipuram since She is wholly present in Kanchipuram. Due to this, none of the Shiva temples in Kanchipuram will have a separate shrine for Goddess.
Legend: The temple is known as Kamakottam. Brahma Vishnu and Rudra were creations of her eyes, hence the name Kamakshi. She is Tapas Kamakshi at Mangadu and Kalyana Kamakshi at Kanchipuram. She was under stringent penance standing on tip of left leg on fire at Mangadu and upon satisfying Shiva, came here to marry him. Here She worshipped a Shivalingam made out of sand under a mango tree.
Temple: The temple covers an area of about 5 acres and the sanctum is crowned with a gold plated vimanam. Kamakshi is enshrined in a seated penancing posture with four hands in the sanctum and is referred to as the Parabhrama Swarupini, seated with Bhrama Vishnu Rudra Eswara and Sadasiva. It is believed that Kamakshi was originally an Ugra Swaroopini, and that Aadhi Sankaracharya, installed the Sri Chakra in front of Her and personified her as the Shanta Swaroopini. It is believed that during the days of Aadhi Sankara, the presence of the Ugra Swaroopini was felt outside the temple precincts, and that Sankaracharya had requested her not to leave the temple complex. Symbolic of this, the festival image of Kamakshi, takes leave from Sankaracharya, at his shrine in the inner prakaram, each time she is taken out in procession.
In the inner praharam, Bangaru Kamakshi, Maha Saraswathi and Aadi Sankaracharya are present along with Ardhanareeswarar, Soundaryalakshmi and Varaahi. When we come out after worshipping Kamakshi we can see Annapoorani in front. There is also Arupa lakshmi and the kumkum prasadam should be first put in front of Arupa lakshmi and then taken out from there. The outer praharam houses the temple tank and several mandapams such as the 100 pillared hall, the dwajaarohana mandapam etc.
Festivals: The annual festival is celebrated in the month of Maasi. The silver chariot festival falls on the 7th day. Other festivals include Navaratri, Aadi and Aippasi Pooram, Sankara Jayanthi and Vasanta Utsavam in Vaikasi.
Sthala vruksham: Sanbagam.
Thirukkalvanoor
Significance: One of the 108 Divya desams within the Kamakshi Amman temple on the Kostham of Kamakshi amman shrine itself.
Main deity: Kalla Perumal with Thayar Anjilaivalli Nachiyar
Legend: Parvathi when penanced upon Shiva sought the help of her brother Lord Vishnu. It is also said that Parvathi sighted Lord Vishnu overhearing the conversation between her and Lakshmi, upon which she addressed Him as Kalvan.
Temple: Images of Vishnu (Nindraan, Irunthaan, Kidanthaan) are seen near the temple tank.
Theertham: Nithya Pushkarani
Vimanam: Vamana Vimanam
Links: Location  Photos Weblink
Sri Aadhi Kamakshi amman temple
This is the older Kamakshi amman temple and is just behind the main Kamakshi amman temple. The Kamakshi amman and other deities here are very beautiful.
Links: Location Photos
Sri Maakaaleeswarar Temple
This is near Aadhi Kamakshi amman temple just behind the main Kamakshi amman temple. Lord Shiva is holding Raghu and Kethu in His hand which is very rare. An important Raghu-Kethu parihara sthalam. Around the main Shiva shrine all the nine navagrahaas are in separate shrines along with their consorts. Kalyana Durga is famous here.
Links: Location  Photos
Ulagalandha Perumal Temple
The temple is abut 200 meters from the Kamakshi amman temple. This is a temple of 4 divya desams within a single temple complex. Apart from the main deity of Ulagalanda Perumal, there are three other deities in the same complex which were in different places nearby. Details of the original temple, Sthala Vruksham and Pushkarani are not known excepting the informations from the Azhwar’s pasurams.
Thiru Neeragam: This is a small shrine in the northern praharam. Sri Jagadeesa Perumal and Neelamangala Valli Thayar are the main deities. Only the Utsava Vigraham is present and the whereabout of the moolavar vigraham and the original temple are not known. The Theertham here is known as Akrura theertham and the Vimanam Jagadeeswara vimanam.
Thirukkaragam: This shrine is also located in the praharam of Ulagalandha Perumal Temple. The Utsava moorthy is Sri Karunakara Perumal and the thayar is Padamamani Nachiyar. Details of the original temple, Sthala Vruksham and Pushkarani are not known excepting the fact from the Thirumangai Azhwar’s pasurams that the main deity is in standing posture. The Theertham is Akraya theertham and Vimanam is Vamana vimanam.
Thiru Karavanam: This is another divya desam shrine in the praharam of Ulagalandha Perumal temple. Details of the original temple, Sthala Vruksham and Pushkarani are not known excepting the fact from the Thirumangai Azhwar’s pasurams that the main deity is Thiru Kalvar in a standing posture and the Thayar is Kamalavalli Nachiyar. Only the Utsava moorthy is present. The Theertham is Gowrithadakam and the Vimanam is Pushkala Vimanam.
Thiru Ooragam:
Significance: The main deity is imposing 35 feet height and 24 feet width
Location: Near Kamakshi Amman temple
Main deity: Trivikrama called Ulagalandha Perumal and Aranaravalli Nachiyar in different shrines.
Legend: During Thrivikrama avathara, Vishnu asked for 3 steps of land from King Mahaballi. Mahabali agreed to give and for one step of Vishnu, Mahabali was already under the feet of Vamana and was unable to get the full dharshan of Trivikrama. He penanced here to have a full dharshan and Trivikrama reappeared in front of him and even then he was not able to see the complete form. Per his request Thrivikrama in the form of Aadhiseshan is present in the same temple.
Temple: The main deity Ulagalandha Perumal is magnificent in size with His left leg lifted up to sky. Everyone will be stunned with the the size of the deity.  Also, within the sanctum sanctorum, to the right of Perumal there is a small enclosure where Thrivikrama in the form of Aadhiseshan which is famous for ragu, kethu dosham.
Theertham: Naga theertham
Vimanam: Sarasreekara Vimanam
Links: Location  Photos
Kumarakkottam Subramanyaswamy Temple
Location: The temple is situated in the West Raja Street and there is a back side entrance from Kamakshi amman temple also.
Legend: Once Lord Brahma, the God of creation was imprisoned since he did not know the meaning of the Pranava mantra ‘Ohm’. Lord Muruga executed the great task of creation all by himself and the sanctum sanctorum of the temple presents Lord Muruga as a creator, Brahma Subramanyar. Subramanya made a Shiva linga known as Deva sena padeesar and worshipped him. Arunagirinadhar sang Thiruppugazh on Subramanya here.
Temple: This is an ancient temple held in high esteem since the holy text – Kantha Puranam was published here. The holy scenes from the sacred text were staged at the Rock Hall here which has now been functioning as Kachiappar Library. Scenes from the Kantha Puranam adorn the walls. There are separate shrines for Lord Vinayaka, Palaniandavar, Shanmuga, Urugum Ulla Perumal, Navagrahas, Arunagrinathar and Goddesses Valli, Theivani. There is a sacred hall set aside for meditation. The holy figures of Kachiappa Sivacharyar and Vallalar Ramalinga Swamigal are found in the court of the temple.
Links: Location  Photos  Weblink
Sri Kachabeswarar Temple
Location: The temple is situated in the southern corner of the West Raja Street at Big Kanchipuram, about 300 meters from Kamakshi amman temple.
Main deity: Swayambu linga known as Kachabeswarar and Soundrambikai ammai.
Legend: Mount Madura which was used as the churning stick for the churning of the Milky Ocean to get Amruth, started to sink into the ocean bed. Thereupon, Vishnu assumed the form of tortoise (koorma avatar), dived to the bottom and let them use his back as a pivot upon which the churning stick could turn. At the end, Lord Vishnu was overcome with pride and thought that it was only through his efforts that the celestials succeeded in getting Amruth from the sea. Overwhelmed with pride, Lord Vishnu caused the waters to more. All the creatures trembled with fear. At this juncture, Lord Shiva destroyed the tortoise and strung its shell on the sacred garland worn about his neck. Lord Vishnu, who regretted for his act, came to Kanchi and worshipped Lord Shiva and got His blessings. Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu then redeemed the office of leadership for Vaikuntam. Also, Brahma and Saraswathi worshipped here to get the blessings of Shiva for his work of creation. Asura guru Sukracharya worshipped here to get Mruthsanjeevini and Vajrayakkai.
Temple: It is a temple which has a wide court around it. Other deities in the temple are Chaturmukeswarar, Saraswathi, Vinayakar, Sastha and Bairavar. Around the pond there are temples of Dharma Siddheswarar, Kama Siddheswarar, Artha Siddheeswarar and Moksha Siddheswarar. To the west of the idol of Lord Kachabeswar is the shrine of Lord Vinayaka (Satyamoli Vinayakar) worshipped by Lord Vishnu. People who worship this Lord would be able to overcome all troubles and sufferings in life and fulfill their wishes.
Theertham: Ishta Siddhi Theertham.
Links: Location Photos
Vaikunthanatha Perumal Temple at Parameswara Vinnagaram
Significance: One of the 108 Divya desams; held in high esteem as ‘Parameswara Vinnagaram’; apart from the divinity, a must-visit temple for the history and art lovers for its sheer beauty of art and architecture; maintained by Archeological Society of India as a ‘protected monument’
Location: Situated in the street that separates from the East Raja Street at Big Kanchipuram, very close to the Bus Terminus. The temple lies further up the street.
Main deity: Vaikuntanathan and the Thayar Vaikuntavalli
Legend: Dwarapalakas of Vaikuntam were reborn as Pallava and Villava and they performed an Ashwametha Yagna here and the Lord gave them dharshan as Paramapatha Nathan
Temple: The temple, built by Nandhivarma Pallavan, is a fine example of art and architectural skill and this has already become a famous tourist centre. The holy figures carved out of stone in the inner walls of the temple are really marvelous. The Vimanam has 3 tiers. In the first tier, the Lord gives dharshan in the sitting posture; in the middle tier as Ranganathar in the reclining posture with Sridevi and Bhoodevi; and in the top tier in the standing posture.
Theertham: Iyramada Theertham
Vimanam: Mukunda Vimanam
Links: Location  Photos
Thiru Pavala Vanna and Pachai Vanna perumal
Location: This is about 400 meters from the Kamakshi amman temple on the main road from Chennai while coming through Bangalore highways and before Kamakshi amman temple.
Significance: These are two separate temples situated in opposite directions in the same street. It is said that if one visits one temple, visiting the other is mandatory. Another uniqueness is that these two temples collectively form a single Divya Desam.
Thiru Pachai Vanna Perumal Temple
Main deity: Pachai Vannan in a seated posture on Aadhisessha, also called Paramapadha Nathan
Legend: Sage Brugu performed an Yagna here to have Laksmi devi as his daughter and he married her to Vishnu here.
Theertham: Chakratheertham
Vimanam: Pravaala Vimanam
Links: Location Photos
Thiru Pavala Vanna Perumal Temple
Main deity: Pavala Vanna Perumal in standing posture with Pavalavalli Thayar
Theertham: Chakkra theertham
Legend: The main deity is of red shade which is unique. When Saraswathi sent demons to spoil the yagna done by Brahma, Vishnu came to the rescue of Brahma and fought the demons. So He is seen here in red colour with blood stains.
Links: Location  Photos
Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam Sankara Mutt
Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam is one of the 6 mutts that were installed by Shri. Adhi Shankarar. The Brindhavanam and the wax idol of Sri Chandrasekarendhra Swamigal (as affectionately called as Periyava) are the main attractions apart from the current two Sankaracharyas. Daily Chandramouleeswara pooja will be done by the Sankaracharyar around noon time. There is no fixed time for the Sankaracharyas to give dharshan and they visit the devotees every now and then and blesses them.
Links: Location
Sri Ekambareswarar and Sri Nilathunda Perumal Temple
This is located near the Kamakshi amman temple and Sankara mutt.
Significance: Sri Ekambareswarar temple is one of 275 sacred Shiva temples of Tamilnadu (one of the 5 of Kanchi) glorified by the Thevara hymns and also one of the Pancha Bootha temples representing land. Sri Nilathunda Perumal shrine within the same temple premises is one of the 108 Vishnu divya desams.
Sri Ekambareswarar Temple
Main deity: Ekambaranadhar and Elavarkuzhali ammai in separate shrines
Legend: Once Parvathi closed the eyes of Shiva for fun and the whole universe went dark. Shiva got angry and punished her to be born on earth. She chose the place near Kamba river and made a linga of mud, placed it under Ekamba tree and started to worship. One day, due to flood, the whole town was full of water and she embraced Shiva linga to protect him from dissolving in flood water and started doing her worship. Shiva was pleased with her devotion and he agreed to marry her.
Temple:The linga is made of sand. We can see both Shiva and Parvathi together at the back of linga in the main sanctum. Other main deities are Vellakambar worshipped by Brahma, Kallakambar by Vishnu and Nallakambar by Rudra. Other deities are Vikata chakra Vinayakar, Arumugar, 1008 lingas, 108 lingas, 63 nayanmars, Markendeyar, Bikshadanar, Nataraja, Pralayam katha ammai and Navagrahas. The main Rajagopuram was constructed by Krishna Deva rayar. Sambandhar, Navakku arasar & Sundrar sang hymns on Shiva here. Arunagirindhar sang Thirupugazh on Subramanya. On Ratha Sapthami day sunrays falls on Siva here. Ganapathy near Gopura vasal is on peacock which is different here.
Sthala Vruksham: 3600 years old mango tree with 4 branches related to 4 Vedas. Unfortunately the tree is no more alive but a large piece of the tree has been kept in the mandapam.
Theertham: Siva ganga teertham and Kamba river
Sri Nilathunda Perumal Temple
Significance: One of 108 Divya desams
Location: The shrine is to the north east of Ekambareswarar shrine within the inner praharam of the Ekambareswarar temple
Main deity: Nilaattingal Tunda Perumal in standing posture with Sapthagnaga
Legend: Shiva tested Paravthi’s commitment in performing Tapas by setting fire to the mango tree under which she was seated. Parvathi prayed to her brother Lord Vishnu, who caused waves of nectar to cool down the scorching rays. Lord Vishnu as Vamana continues to stay here at the behest of Parvathi. It is also said that, at the time of churning of Milky ocean to get nectar, the God of ocean Vishnu became warm and to cool himself, he requested Shiva to alleviate the discomfort through the cool rays of the moon adorning Shiva’s head. Hence the name Nilaa-tingal tundattan.
Links: Location  Photos  Weblink
Sri Pandava Thoodha Perumal Temple at Thiru Paadagam
Significances:
  • One of the 108 Divyadesams
  • Imposing 28 feet Krishnar in sitting posture 
  • Parihara temple for people born in ‘Rohini’ star
Location: Near Ekambareswarar temple
Main deity: Pandava Thoodha Perumal in sitting posture with Thayars Rukmani and Sathyabama
Legend: King Janameyajeyan listened to the story of Mahabaratha from Sage Vaisambhavana and got enlightened by the event of Sri Krishna revealing himself through the Viswaroopa dharshan when he went to Hasthinapuri as an ambassador of Pandavas. The king wanted to have the same kind of dharshan of Vishnu and so performed an Aswamedha yaga here and got the Viswaroopa dharshan as he wished.
Temple: The temple is 1000years old and was built by King Rajakesari Varman. If the Lord was standing in Ulagalandha Perumal temple, He is sitting here as Lord Krishna. It is sure that everyone will be amazed by both of the imposing, beautiful and stunning deities. The designs on the Lord’s garments are also fantastic.
Theertham: Mathsya theertham
Vimanam: Bathra Vimanam
Note: The bhattar here sometimes behave rudely and so be a little careful not to get mood spoiled in a divinely place.
Links: Location  Photos Weblink
Jurahareswarar Temple at Juragaresam
Location: This is an ASI maintained temple and is next to the Pandava Thootha Perumal temple to the south of Sannidhi street of Sri Ekambareswarar temple.
Main deity: Shiva in linga form known as Jurahareswarar.
Legend: Demon Juragan was destroyed here. Devas worshipped in this place to cure themselves from disease due to heat and they were cured. Shiva here, is known to cure the devotees of their ailments such as fever, relieves them of the heat present in their body and helps to maintain the normal body temperature.
Temple: There are five windows in the sanctum sanctorum itself which is circular. It is a shining example of the architectural skill. The whole temple is built of stones and many holy figures are engraved on them. It is a magnificent temple that attracts countless number of devotees. The idol of Juvarahereswarar here is one of the 64 holy idols (formless form of Lord Shiva). There are two kinds of divine treasures in the temple. There is a statue of Lord Gubera (God of treasure) in this temple.
Theertham: The temple tank is called ‘Vepperi Kulam’ and now is popularly known as ‘Upperi Kulam’.
Links: Location
Sri Kailasanadhar temple
Location: 1.5 km from Ekamberaswarar temple and to the west of Putheri street (S.V.N Pillai Street) street at Big Kanchipuram. It is found next to Kachiyanegathangavatham.
Significance: Being taken care by the Archeological Society of India this is a treasure house of sculptures. Along with Vaikunthanatha Perumal temple, this must be visited by everyone just for the sheer beauty of the art and architecture
Main deity: Shiva in the form of linga with 16 stripes, called Kailasanathar
Legend: There were thiripuraris-Tharakatchan, Kamalatchan and Vidhyamali who were ardent devotees of Lord Shiva and were graciously granted three worlds .the three worlds are iron world, silver world and bronze world. The demons other than the thiripuraris were by nature very unruly, harassed the celestials to the greatest extent possible. Lord Vishnu, who wanted to destroy the demons, came to understand that Lord Shiva was the only divine power who could destroy the demons. So Lord Vishnu set about his task of destroying their (demons) faith and devotion to Lord Shiva. Firstly Lord Vishnu created Aadhibuddhan as a form of his own self and sent him along with Sage Naradha to the demons. Both of them (Sage Naradha and Adhiputhan) succeeded in their endeavor to destroy the faith of all the demons (including the thiripuraris). After destroying the demons, Sage Naradha and Aadhibuddhan reached Kanchi and here they felt as if the sins wanted to get away from them and did not want to burden them any more. So the place (within the city of kanchi) came to be known as Paruthimalai Kundram. A little distance away from Kanchi both Sage Naradha and Aadhibuddhan established an idol of Lord Shiva and worshipped Him for many years. God then, appeared before them and said that they can atone for their sins only by undergoing suffering in their different births. In the temple, there is small passage around the sanctum-sanctorum with two entrances – Janana (birth) entrance and Marana (death) entrance. Shiva suggested to them to enter and exit through this passage many times to get rid of their sins.
Temple: This is the first temple made of stones by Rajasimha Pallava. After the completion of the temple they fixed a date for Kumbabhisheham. Shiva came in the King’s dream and asked him to postpone the date since he wanted to honour the invitation of Saint Poosalar for the Kumbabhisheham of his temple at Thirunindravoor which he (Poosalar) built brick by brick by mentally (not physically) just by sheer devotion. This is inscribed in the temple and Sekkizhar also has mentioned this in his work.
Note: It is said that there are two  idols of dancing Shiva and Parvati.  When the aarti is raised, you see an angry Shiva and smiling Parvati and when it is lowered, you see a smiling Shiva and shy Parvati (Check with the priest). A real marvel indeed!!!
Links: Location
Kachi Anekathangavadham temple
Significance: One of the 275 sacred temples glorified by the Thevara hymns; one of the five of them in Kanchipuram.
Location: This small temple is situated to the left of the path that leads to the Kailasanathar temple in a serene environment adjoining the S.S.K.V School, to the West of Putheri street in the North Western part of Kanchipuram.
Place: The fields in the vicinity are known as ‘Aanaiyurittaan Vayal’. This is known as Kachi Anekathangavatham since there is another sacred place known as anekathangavatham on the slopes of the Himalayas.
Main deity: Swayambu linga known as Anekathagavadeswarar
Legend: Lord Vinayaka established Lord Shiva idol in the name of ‘Anekabeswarar’ and set out to Eranyapuram to destroy the demons. Beginning from Kasi, a demon, He separated their powers from their embryos and united all the powers into one supreme power called ‘Vallabai’ and got wedded to it. Lord Gubera also worshipped here.
Links: Location
Sri Thirumetralinathar temple
Significance: One of 275 sacred Shiva temples glorified by the Thevara hymns and one of the five of them in Kanchipuram
Location: The temple is in Pillaiyar Palayam (Kanchi), in Thirumetralli Street, 2 km from Ekambareswarar temple. On one side of the street, there is a temple in honor of Thirugnana Sambhandar (also called Aaludaiyapillai and hence the name Pillayar Palayam) and on the other side is the Thirumetralli temple. The Uttruketta Mutheesar temple stands between the two temples.
Legend: Vishnu meditated upon Shiva here to attain Shivaroopam. As per holy command of Lord Shiva, Thirugnanasambhandar set his holy foot here, sang hymns in praise of Lord Shiva standing at the end of the road. Lord Vishnu listened to the songs with great piety and melted into linga form. Sambandhar also attained Shiva saroobyam here. Budha, one of the Navagrahas worshipped Shiva here
Temple: Metralinadhar linga is facing east and Vishnu linga is facing west. There are 2 other Shivalingams in this shrine – Odha Urigeeswarar and Mutheeswarar.
Theertham: Vishnu theertham.
Links: Location Weblink(Tamil)
Onakandeeswarar temple at Thiru Onan Kandhan Thali or Jalantharesam
Significance:One of the 275 sacred Shiva temples glorified by the Thevara hymns and one of the five of them in Kanchipuram
Location: Located at about a km to the West of the Ekambareswarar temple near the Sarvatheertham in a corner of the road that leads to Arakkonam, just opposite to the Panjupettai Electricity Board sub-station.
Legend: Once, Onan and Kanthan, the commanders of the demon Vanasuran, worshipped Shiva here and the 2 Shivalingams Oneswara and Kantheswara are present in different shrines. To the south of the temple outside, there is an idol of Lord Shiva, Jalandareeswarar, worshipped by Jalandaran known by the holy name Jalandaresam. Sundaramoorthy Nayanar is closely associated with this shrine. There is a story that when Sundarar sang hymns, Shiva hid himself in a tamarind tree nearby and when he sang another song Shiva was pleased and dropped tamarinds from the tree which turned into gold coins.
Temple: This is a small temple. There is a Vinayagar deity at the Thiruvonakandan mandapam at the entrance and if you put your ear, you will get a kind of omkara sound.
Theertham: Onakandhan teertham
Links: Location Weblink(Tamil)
Kachi Nerikkaaraikkaadu or Thirukkalimedu
Significance: One of the 275 sacred temples glorified by the Thevara hymns; one of the five of them in Kanchipuram.
Location: The place is known as Satyavratam and Indiresam. The path opposite the Head Post Office leads to this temple and the place is called Thirukkalimedu. In ancient times, people used this path to gain access to Kanchipuram. Since the path is full of spiny plants, the sacred place came to be called by the name Kachinerikkaraikkadu.
Main deity: The presiding deity is a Swayambumurthi known as Kaaraittirunatheswarar or Satyanatheswarar and the consort, Brahmmaraambigai.
Legend: Lord Indra, the King of the Devas and Lord mercury worshipped Shiva here.
Temple: The temple tank is known as Indra Theertham and Budha Theertham and it is believed that one who has a holy dip in temple tank and worships the God here would be endowed with the best benefits. Lord Mercury rose to the position of a planet only after worshipping the God here. It is believed that sesame oil offered during ablutions are absorbed by the Shivalingam. There are two prakarams and a three tiered Rajagopuram.
Theertham: Indra Theertham and Budha Theertham
Links: Location Weblink(Tamil)
Kachi Aayaarohaneswarar Guru Temple
Location: Near Pillarpalayam pond on the banks of the River Vegawathi.
Main deity: Kayaroganeswarar and Kamalaambigai
Legend: Once, Lords Brahma and Vishnu were very disappointed as their life time was drawing to a close. Shiva, who is beyond time limit took both of them to his shoulder and started dancing. Since Lord Shiva allowed them to take refuge on his back and blessed them, He is called Kayarohaneshwarar. Goddess Mahalakshmi showered the leaves of the holy Bael tree worshipped Kayarohaneshwarar to be blessed with a holy husband – Lord Vishnu. This temple is popularly known as Guru Sthalam since Lord Jupiter (Lord Guru) came here to worship Shiva and was blessed with unfailing devotion towards Him. Every Thursday, people throng the temple. The place of Sri Bhaaskhara maharishi is situated very close to this temple.
Theertham: Kayarohana Theertham. The Kanchi Puranam lays emphasis on the greatness of this place by saying that those who bathe in the Kayarohana Theertham and worship Shiva and Goddess Lakshmi here would be bestowed with all wealth and wisdom.
Links: Location
Chitraguptan Temple
This is located very near main bus stand near the rettai mandapam. It is a unique and exclusive nineth century Chola period temple dedicated to Chitragupta, the chief accountant and the minister of Lord Yama, the God of Death. Chitragupta keeps record of all the good and evil deeds of humans and accordingly decides to send them to heaven or hell. Lord Brahma created Chitragupta through the Sun God and he is considered the younger brother of Lord Yama. People believe that Chitragupta is the Athi Devathai for Kethu which is one of the Navagrahas. So, anyone who worships Chitragupta at the temple would be bestowed with prosperity and wealth. The vices of the Kethu would also be mitigated. Some say (Note ‘some’) that for naga dosham one travels to kalahasti, but it is incomplete since at kalahasti, only the rahu pariharam is done and without ketu, the pariharam is incomplete. Hence a visit to chitragupta temple on the same day will complete the dosha. There are a large number of worshippers and devotees who come to the temple to perform pujas, especially during the Pournami or full moon every month.
Temple:
The presiding deity, Chitragupta, is in a sitting posture holding a pen in the right hand. The left hand holds a palm leaf, both symbols of his work. There is also the Utsava Panchaloka idol of Chitragupta which is seen along with his consort Karnikambal.
Links: Location
Temples in Vishnu Kanchi
Sri Deepa Prakasar / Vilakkoli temple at Thiruthanga
Significance: 0ne of 108 Divya desams; avathara sthalam of Vedantha Desikar
Location: The temple is to the west of Ashtabujakaram temple and it is easy to locate the temple in the name of Deepa prakasar or Vilakoli perumal or Desikar temple.
Main deity: Deepa Prakasar in standing posture with Maragdha Valli thayar.
Legend: Brahma started an yagna in a nandavanam (which was cool and hence the name Thanga), without informing his consort Saraswathi. She was not happy about this and requested demon Mayanalam to disturb the yagna, who in turn made the whole world dark by his power. Brahma in turn sought the help of Vishnu, who manifested Himself as bright light and hence the name Deepaprakasar.
Temple: There is a shrine for Vedantha Desikar with Lakshmi Hayagreevar
Theertham: Saraswathi Theertham
Vimanam: Sreekara Vimanam
Links: Location  Photos
Sri Azhagiya Singa Perumal at Thiruvellukai
Significance: One of the 108 Divya desams
Location: The temple is opposite to Vilakoli Perumal temple. It is easy to locate the temple in the name, Yoga Narasimhar.
Main deity: Sri Azhagiya Singa (Narasimha) Perumal in sitting posture and Sri Vellukai Valli Thayar in different shrines.
Importance: Once Lord Narashimar at the Hastishaila caves in Attigiri sanctum hill, came to this place while chasing the demons. He found this place very cool and nice and also the Demons were not to be seen. So he stayed here as Yoga Narasimhar deciding to take care, if the demons return again. Since the Lord stayed here at His pleasure (Vel means desire), this place is called Velukkai.
Theertham: Kanakasaras theertham
Vimanam: Kanaka Vimanam
Links: Location  Photos
Sri Ashtabujakaram
Significance: One of the 108 Divya desams
Location: South of Rangaswamy tank, small Kanchi.
Main deity: Aadhi Kesava Perumal, also called Gajendhra Varadan, in standing posture with consort Alamelmangai thayar in different sanctums.
Legend: At the request of Brahma, Lord Vishnu with eight weapons in eight hands warded off the demon intruders of the yagna conducted by Brahma. Hence the name, Ashtabujakaram. Even today, Shiva is seen guarding the yagna sala in the form of Sarabesan.
Sage Mahasudha was in penance here. Indhra was worried of his seat and he deva kanyas to disturb muni and kanyas took the form of elephant and diverted munis attention. He changed himself into an elephant and started living with them. After many years he came to know that he was fooled by them. Once when he realised his mistake he approached Sage Markendaya to help him out. Markandeyar asked him to worship Vishnu in this place Ashtabujakaram. He worshipped Vishnu with lotus flower, in the same form of elephant. One day the elephant’s leg was caught by a crocodile and to free himself the elephant took the name of Vishnu as Narayana and he was rescued by Vishnu and attained his previous form of human being. Peyaazhwar got the dharshan of Gajendhra Moksham at this shrine.
Temple: The main deity Ashta buja Perumal is seen with ashta bujam (eight hands) having weapons – chakram, knife, flower, arrow, sanku, bow, kedayam and gadha – in each hand. The tradition here is to first worship Goddess Pushpakavalli (Alarmelmangai) and then the Perumal.
Festival: Gajendhra moksham festival in the tamil month of Aadi
Theertham: Gajendra Pushkarani
Vimanam: Gaganakriti Vimanam
Links: Location  Photos
Sri Yadhothakaari Temple, also called Thiruvegka
Significance: One of the 108 Divyadesams; Poigaiaazhwar avatarastalam
Location: Near Rangaswamy tank at Small Kanchipurm; closer to Varadharaja Perumal Temple
Main deity: ’Sonnavannam seidha’ perumal in sleeping posture and Kamalavalli thayar in different shrines.
Legend: Vegavathi (Saraswathi) river started flooding by the act of demons to disturb the yagna performed by Brahma. At the request of Devars, Vishnu came to the rescue and laid down on Aadhisesha in the way of the river in 3 places forming dams. The places are Pallikondan (called Vadavarangam), Thiruparkadal and this place. So the place was called Vegavathi anai and later Vegka.
It is said that Poighai Azhwar took birth in a lotus flower representing ‘Panchajanyam’ in the Poigai pushkarani, adjacent to the temple.
It is also said that Kanikannan, a disciple of Thirumazhisai Azhwar was banished from the kingdom by the then ruler when he refused to sing on the King. When Thirumazhisai Azhwar left the place in search of him, Lord Vishnu at the request of Azhwar, rolled Adisesha in His hand and followed Azhwar. Once Lord Vishnu left the place, the whole town faced several problems. The king realised his mistake and begged Azhwar to forgive and return back to the kingdom. Azhwar then returned to the place requesting Vishnu once again to follow him and He did. Since Vishnu did as asked by His disciple, He got the name ‘Sonnavannam Seitha Perumal’, signifying the respect the disciples commanded from their master and also the humility of the master towards His disciples.
Temple: In this place, Ranganatha Perumal is in a unique resting posture with His head to the right side of the devotees and legs to the left side unlike the other temples. He is huge and very beautiful.
Andal is most beautiful here (Raju – I have never seen an Andal more beautiful than this including Srivilliputhur.When we went She was matched equally by a beautiful alankaram. This Andal shrine is a parihara sthalam for child birth and marriage. A ‘not to be missed’ temple for the beauty of Perumal and Andal)
Theertham: Poighai pushkarani
Vimanam: Veda Saara Vimanam
Links: Location Photos Weblink
Sri Varadharaja Perumal temple at Thirukkachi
Significance: One of 108 Divya desams in a sprawling 20 acre area
Location: Vishnu Kanchi, Chinna Kancheepuram
Main deity: Varadharaja Perumal in standing posture and Perundevi Thayar in separate shrines
Legend: Brahma worshipped Lord Vishnu in this kshetram in Krita yuga; Gajendra in Treta yuga; Brahaspathi in Dwapara yuga and Aadhisesha in Kali yuga. It is believed that Iravatham, Indhran’s elephant, in the form of a hill bears the image of Lord Vishnu. The Lord is also called in several other names like Devaraja Perumal, Giri Varadhar, Karivaradhar and Athigiri Arulala Perumal. Sages Brugu and Naradha, Goddess Saraswathhi and Indhra were blessed by Varadharajar. Hayman and Sukran were transformed into lizards for their sins and they penanced here and got blessed by Vishnu. There are two lizards at roof of the temple and everyone is allowed to touch them to get relieved of all ailments.
Temple: This is a massive temple in a sprawling 20 acres site, patronized by Chola and Vijayanagara kings. The first praharam of the temple is on the holy mound called ‘Hasthigiri’. The main sanctum is 40 feet height with 43 steps to go. In the basement, we see Azhagiya Singa Perumal in sitting posture and Arithra devi Thayar. The 100 pillar mandapam with stone chains by the side of the temple tank is a shining example of art and architecture of that period. On the banks of the holy tank is the Chakrathazhwar shrine with Chakrathazhwar in front and Aadhiseshan holding Narashima moorthy at the back. Valampuri Vinayakar Temple is found in the inner court of the temple. The original figure of Lord Varadharajar made out of fig-wood (Atthi) is kept at the bed of the temple tank and is taken out once in 40 years for worship for 10 days. Sages such as Peyalwar, Budhathalwar and Thirumangai Alwar have sung on this deity. The temple festivals Garudasevai and the chariot festival are special, celebrated with great religious fervor and have won fame all over the world.
Theertham: Vegavathi, Ananthasaras Brahma theertham and well.
Vimanam: Punyakoti
Links: Location Photos Weblink1 Weblink2
Jaina / Buddha / Samana Kanhi at Thiruparuthikundram
Jeenaswamy Trilokyanathar Temple. 1387 C.E. sangeetha mandapam & 17 th century paintings are present. This temple is under Archeologial society of india. Earlier this place was the centre of Jainism and Jaina mutt was also present. Now the mutt was moved to Melsitthamur near Gingee.
Links: Location
Other important temples / places: 
Sri Maha Periyava Satabdhi Mani Mandapam at Orirukkai
How this divine project in honour of the Centenarian Sage of Kanchi came up is a fascinating story, demonstrating once more that ‘fact is stranger than fiction’! The idea was originally floated by one of the humblest devotees of the Sage,by name Thethagudi V.Venkatarama Iyer. He saw Parameshwara,the Lord of Mount Kailash Himself in the sacred person of the Sage and never missed the Darshan of the Sage of Kanchi on the evening of the Pradosham days during the years of his service with the Railways, wherever the Sage was camping. He came to be called,on that account,as Pradosham Mama by his fellow devotees everywhere. In 1989-’90,he launched the SriSriSriMahalakshmiMathrubhuteswarar (SSSMM)Trust to collect funds for building the edifice to mark the Centenary Jayanthi of the Sage. Devotees across the globe were captivated by this idea and contributed their mite for the fruition of this Project,but it took quite some years even for the first phase of this Project to materialize. Pradosham Mama reached the Lotus Feet of the Sage long before the Consecration took place .
According to PadmaSri S.M.Ganapati Stapatiyar who was devoted wholeheartedly to the making of this all-granite marvel of architecture, this Satabdhi Mantapam has come up in a happy blend of the Chola, Chera, Pandya and Pallava traditions of architecture-something that has not been attempted for a thousand years since RajaRajaChola’s famous Brihadeeswara temple in Thanjavur was built. His Holiness SriSri Jayendra Saraswati Swamigal performed the Kumbhabhishekam on the morning of Jan28,2011.
The Nandi Mantapam, Deepastambam, Rajagopuram and Pakasala are yet to come up-funds are to be raised. So far, nearly Rs 20 crores kindly donated by devotees, have been spent.
Links: Location Weblink
Sri Madhangeeswarar Temple
This is located near Vaikunthavasa Perumal temple and to the south of it. This temple was built by Pallvas in the year of 800-900 AD. The architecture of this temple is same as Kailasanathar temple. It has 8 lion pillars each carved out of single stone (monoliths). A big shiva lingam is at the centre of temple. There are elephant statues in each corner around the temple. This temple is maintained by Archeological Survey of India (ASI) and it is one of the most visited place by history enthiusts and foreigners.
Links: Location
Sri Mutheeswarar Temple
This is near Vaikuntha vasa Perumal temple at the  back side of Ulagalandha Perumal temple.
Links: Location
Sri Macheswar Temple
This is just at the back side of the Ulagalandha Perumal Temple
Links: Location
Sri Muktheeswarar Temple
This is about 100 meters from the Thirumetralinathar temple.
Links: Location
Sri Amara Eshwarar Temple
Links: Location
Sidheeswarar Temple
Links: Location
Sri Punya Koteeswarar Temple
Near Varadharaja Perumal temple
Links: Location
Sri Narasimhar Temple at Sevilimedu
One of the biggest Rudhra Narasimhar having Lakshmi on his lap
Links: Location
Sri Sanjeevaraya temple at Ayyangarkulam
Located on the way to Vandavasi. This is an exclusive Sri Hanuman temple without any other sannadhis (even Ramar is not there).
Links: Location
Kailasanathar Temple at Ayyangarkulam
Links: Location
Around Kanchipuram
Sri Vedhanadhar temple at Thiruvothoor (Cheyyar)
Significance: One of 275 sacred Shiva temples glorified by the Thevara hymns.
Location: 28 kms from Kancheepuram in Cheyyar
Main deity: Swayambu linga known as Vedanadhar and Elamula Nayakai.
Legend: Shiva preached meaning of Veda to Devas and Sages in this place, hence the name Thiruvothoor. Vishnu worshipped Shiva here and got his Chakrayudam. Sambandhar sang and transformed male palm trees to female palm trees here.
Temple: We can see Vishnu’s sculpture in the name of Aadhi Kesava Perumal. Nandhi before Kodimaram is facing the entrance. There is a stone sculpture of the Palm tree in the temple premises with Shiva linga under the tree and Sambandhar worshipping it. Arunagirinadhar sang Thirupugazh.
Theertham: Cheyyar and Kalyana teertham.
Sthala Vrukaham: Palm
Links: Location  Photos
Sri Panangateeswarar temple at Thirupankottore
Significance: One of 275 sacred Shiva temples glorified by the Thevara hymns
Location: 10 km from Kanchipuram
Main deity: Swayambu linga known as Panangateeswarar and Amirtha valli ammai.
Name: The place was full of panai (palm) trees and hence the name Panangattore.
Legend: When Sundarar visited this place Shiva appeared before him in the form of an old man and offered food. Sundarar laughed at him and said when there is no water what is the use of food. The old man scratched the land under his leg and water started flowing. The old man disappeared and Sundarar was surprised and sighted out the temple and visited it. He sang hymns on Siva of this place.
Temple: There are two deities one worshipped by Sage Agasthiar and the other by Saint Pulasthiar known as Thalapureeswarar and Krupadeeswarar with ambal Krupagambikai. The temple is constructed in Gajaprushta form (elephant back).
Theertham: Jada gangai and Sundara theertham. People say that the level at Sundara theertham is just 3 feet even today.
Sthala vruksham: Panai tree
Links: Location

Ref: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/rajushanthi/sets/72157616537628039/

Thursday, February 09, 2012


NGO Registration Methods - 1
1. Trust 2. Society, and 3. Non profit Company
In India non profit / public charitable organisations can be registered as trusts, societies, or a private limited non profit company, under section-25 companies. Non-profit organisations in India (a) exist independently of the state; (b) are self-governed by a board of trustees or ‘managing committee’/ governing council, comprising individuals who generally serve in a fiduciary capacity; (c) produce benefits for others, generally outside the membership of the organisation; and (d), are ‘non-profit-making’, in as much as they are prohibited from distributing a monetary residual to their own members.

Section 2(15) of the Income Tax Act – which is applicable uniformly throughout the Republic of India – defines ‘charitable purpose’ to include ‘relief of the poor, education, medical relief and the advancement of any other object of general public utility’. A purpose that relates exclusively to religious teaching or worship is not considered as charitable. Thus, in ascertaining whether a purpose is public or private, one has to see if the class to be benefited, or from which the beneficiaries are to be selected, constitute a substantial body of the public. A public charitable purpose has to benefit a sufficiently large section of the public as distinguished from specified individuals. Organisations which lack the public element – such as trusts for the benefit of workmen or employees of a company, however numerous – have not been held to be charitable. As long as the beneficiaries of the organisation comprise an uncertain and fluctuating body of the public answering a particular description, the fact that the beneficiaries may belong to a certain religious faith, or a sect of persons of a certain religious persuasion, would not affect the organisation’s ‘public’ character.

Whether a trust, society or section-25 company, the Income Tax Act gives all categories equal treatment, in terms of exempting their income and granting 80G certificates, whereby donors to non-profit organisations may claim a rebate against donations made. Foreign contributions to non-profits are governed by FC(R)A regulations and the Home Ministry.
CAF would like to clarify that this material provides only broad guidelines and it is recommended that legal and or financial experts be consulted before taking any important legal or financial decision or arriving at any conclusion.

Formation and Registration of a Non -Profit organisations in India

1) Trust
2) Society
3) Section-25 Company
Additional Licensing/ Registration

I. Trusts
A public charitable trust is usually floated when there is property involved, especially in terms of land and building.

Legislation : Different states in India have different Trusts Acts in force, which govern the trusts in the state; in the absence of a Trusts Act in any particular state or territory the general principles of the Indian Trusts Act 1882 are applied.

Main Instrument : The main instrument of any public charitable trust is the trust deed, wherein the aims and objects and mode of management (of the trust) should be enshrined. In every trust deed, the minimum and maximum number of trustees has to be specified. The trust deed should clearly spell out the aims and objects of the trust, how the trust should be managed, how other trustees may be appointed or removed, etc. The trust deed should be signed by both the settlor/s and trustee/s in the presence of two witnesses. The trust deed should be executed on non-judicial stamp paper, the value of which would depend on the valuation of the trust property.
Trustees : A trust needs a minimum of two trustees; there is no upper limit to the number of trustees. The Board of Management comprises the trustees.

Application for Registration :
The application for registration should be made to the official having jurisdiction over the region in which the trust is sought to be registered.

After providing details (in the form) regarding designation by which the public trust shall be known, names of trustees, mode of succession, etc., the applicant has to affix a court fee stamp of Rs.2/- to the form and pay a very nominal registration fee which may range from Rs.3/- to Rs.25/-, depending on the value of the trust property.

The application form should be signed by the applicant before the regional officer or superintendent of the regional office of the charity commissioner or a notary. The application form should be submitted, together with a copy of the trust deed.

Two other documents which should be submitted at the time of making an application for registration are affidavit and consent letter.

II. Society
According to section 20 of the Societies Registration Act, 1860, the following societies can be registered under the Act: ‘charitable societies, military orphan funds or societies established at the several presidencies of India, societies established for the promotion of science, literature, or the fine arts, for instruction, the diffusion of useful knowledge, the diffusion of political education, the foundation or maintenance of libraries or reading rooms for general use among the members or open to the public, or public museums and galleries of paintings and other works of art, collection of natural history, mechanical and philosophical inventions, instruments or designs.’

Legislation : Societies are registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, which is a federal act. In certain states, which have a charity commissioner, the society must not only be registered under the Societies Registration Act, but also, additionally, under the Bombay Public Trusts Act.
Main Instrument : The main instrument of any society is the memorandum of association and rules and regulations (no stamp paper required), wherein the aims and objects and mode of management (of the society) should be enshrined.

Trustees : A Society needs a minimum of seven managing committee members; there is no upper limit to the number managing committee members. The Board of Management is in the form of a governing body or council or a managing or executive committee

Application for Registration :
Registration can be done either at the state level (i.e., in the office of the Registrar of Societies) or at the district level (in the office of the District Magistrate or the local office of the Registrar of Societies).(2)

The procedure varies from state to state. However generally the application should be submitted together with: (a) memorandum of association and rules and regulations; (b) consent letters of all the members of the managing committee; (c) authority letter duly signed by all the members of the managing committee; (d) an affidavit sworn by the president or secretary of the society on non-judicial stamp paper of Rs.20-/, together with a court fee stamp; and (e) a declaration by the members of the managing committee that the funds of the society will be used only for the purpose of furthering the aims and objects of the society.

All the aforesaid documents which are required for the application for registration should be submitted in duplicate, together with the required registration fee. Unlike the trust deed, the memorandum of association and rules and regulations need not be executed on stamp paper.

III. Section-25 Company
According to section 25(1)(a) and (b) of the Indian Companies Act, 1956, a section-25 company can be established ‘for promoting commerce, art, science, religion, charity or any other useful object’, provided the profits, if any, or other income is applied for promoting only the objects of the company and no dividend is paid to its members.

Legislation : Section-25 companies are registered under section-25 of the Indian Companies Act. 1956.

Main Instrument : For a section-25 company, the main instrument is a Memorandum and articles of association (no stamp paper required)

Trustees : A section-25 Company needs a minimum of three trustees; there is no upper limit to the number of trustees. The Board of Management is in the form of a Board of directors or managing committee.

Application for Registration :

1.An application has to be made for availability of name to the registrar of companies, which must be made in the prescribed form no. 1A, together with a fee of Rs.500/-. It is advisable to suggest a choice of three other names by which the company will be called, in case the first name which is proposed is not found acceptable by the registrar.

2.Once the availability of name is confirmed, an application should be made in writing to the regional director of the company law board. The application should be accompanied by the following documents:
Three printed or typewritten copies of the memorandum and articles of association of the proposed company, duly signed by all the promoters with full name, address and occupation.

A declaration by an advocate or a chartered accountant that the memorandum and articles of association have been drawn up in conformity with the provisions of the Act and that all the requirements of the Act and the rules made thereunder have been duly complied with, in respect of registration or matters incidental or supplementary thereto.

Three copies of a list of the names, addresses and occupations of the promoters (and where a firm is a promoter, of each partner in the firm), as well as of the members of the proposed board of directors, together with the names of companies, associations and other institutions in which such promoters, partners and members of the proposed board of directors are directors or hold responsible positions, if any, with description of the positions so held.

A statement showing in detail the assets (with the estimated values thereof) and the liabilities of the association, as on the date of the application or within seven days of that date.
An estimate of the future annual income and expenditure of the proposed company, specifying the sources of the income and the objects of the expenditure.

A statement giving a brief description of the work, if any, already done by the association and of the work proposed to be done by it after registration, in pursuance of section-25.

A statement specifying briefly the grounds on which the application is made.

A declaration by each of the persons making the application that he/she is of sound mind, not an undischarged insolvent, not convicted by a court for any offence and does not stand disqualified under section 203 of the Companies Act 1956, for appointment as a director.
3.The applicants must also furnish to the registrar of companies (of the state in which the registered office of the proposed company is to be, or is situate) a copy of the application and each of the other documents that had been filed before the regional director of the company law board.

4.The applicants should also, within a week from the date of making the application to the regional director of the company law board, publish a notice in the prescribed manner at least once in a newspaper in a principal language of the district in which the registered office of the proposed company is to be situated or is situated and circulating in that district, and at least once in an English newspaper circulating in that district.

5.The regional director may, after considering the objections, if any, received within 30 days from the date of publication of the notice in the newspapers, and after consulting any authority, department or ministry, as he may, in his discretion, decide, determine whether the licence should or should not be granted.

6.The regional director may also direct the company to insert in its memorandum, or in its articles, or in both, such conditions of the licence as may be specified by him in this behalf.

IV. Special Licensing

In addition to registration, a non-profit engaged in certain activities might also require special license/permission. Some of these include (but are not limited to):

A place of work in a restricted area (like a tribal area or a border area requires a special permit – the Inner Line Permit – usually issues either by the Ministry of Home Affairs or by the relevant local authority (i.e., district magistrate).

To open an office and employ people, the NGO should be registered under the Shop and Establishment Act.

To employ foreign staff, an Indian non-profit needs to be registered as a trust/society/company, have FCRA registration and also obtain a No Objection Certificate. The intended employee also needs a work visa.

A foreign non-profit setting up an office in India and wanting staff from abroad needs to be registered as a trust/society/company, needs permission from the Reserve Bank of India and also a No Objection Certificate from the Ministry of External Affairs.
Comparision among Trust, Society and Non profit Company
  Trust Society Section-25 Comapny
Statute/Legislation Relevant State Trust Act or Bombay Public Trusts Act, 1950 Societies Registration Act, 1860 Indian Companies Act, 1956
Jurisdiction Deputy Registrar/Charity commissioner Registrar of societies (charity commissioner in Maharashtra). Registrar of companies
Registration As trust As Society
In Maharashtra, both as a society and as a trust
As a company u/s 25 of the Indian Companies Act.
Registration Document Trust deed Memorandum of association and rules and regulations Memorandum and articles of association. and regulations
Stamp Duty Trust deed to be executed on non-judicial stamp paper, vary from state to state No stamp paper required for memorandum of association and rules and regulations. No stamp paper required for memorandum and articles of association.
Members Required Minimum – two trustees. No upper limit. Minimum – seven managing committee members. No upper limit. Minimum three trustees. No upper limit.
Board of Management Trustees / Board of Trustees Governing body or council/managing or executive committee Board of directors/ Managing committee
Mode of Succession on Board of Management Appointment or Election Appointment or Election by members of the general body Election by members of the general body


(Source: Caf India)

Friday, February 03, 2012

30 Things to Stop Doing to Yourself


As Maria Robinson once said, "Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, but anyone can start today and make a new ending."Nothing could be closer to the truth. But before you can begin this process of transformation you have to stop doing the things that have been holding you back.

Some ideas to get you started:

1.) Stop spending time with the wrong people. – Life is too short to spend time with people who suck the happiness out of you. If someone wants you in their life, they’ll make room for you. You shouldn’t have to fight for a spot. Never, ever insist yourself to someone who continuously overlooks your worth. And remember, it’s not the people that stand by your side when you’re at your best, but the ones who stand beside you when you’re at your worst that are your true friends.

2.) Stop running from your problems. – Face them head on. No, it won’t be easy. There is no person in the world capable of flawlessly handling every punch thrown at them. We aren’t supposed to be able to instantly solve problems. That’s not how we’re made. In fact, we’re made to get upset, sad, hurt, stumble and fall. Because that’s the whole purpose of living – to face problems, learn, adapt, and solve them over the course of time. This is what ultimately molds us into the person we become.

3.) Stop lying to yourself. – You can lie to anyone else in the world, but you can’t lie to yourself. Our lives improve only when we take chances, and the first and most difficult chance we can take is to be honest with ourselves. Read The Road Less Traveled .

4.) Stop putting your own needs on the back burner. – The most painful thing is losing yourself in the process of loving someone too much, and forgetting that you are special too. Yes, help others; but help yourself too. If there was ever a moment to follow your passion and do something that matters to you, that moment is now.

5.) Stop trying to be someone you’re not. – One of the greatest challenges in life is being yourself in a world that’s trying to make you like everyone else. Someone will always be prettier, someone will always be smarter, someone will always be younger, but they will never be you. Don’t change so people will like you. Be yourself and the right people will love the real you.

6.) Stop trying to hold onto the past. – You can’t start the next chapter of your life if you keep re-reading your last one.

7.) Stop being scared to make a mistake. – Doing something and getting it wrong is at least ten times more productive than doing nothing. Every success has a trail of failures behind it, and every failure is leading towards success. You end up regretting the things you did NOT do far more than the things you did.

8.) Stop berating yourself for old mistakes. – We may love the wrong person and cry about the wrong things, but no matter how things go wrong, one thing is for sure, mistakes help us find the person and things that are right for us. We all make mistakes, have struggles, and even regret things in our past. But you are not your mistakes, you are not your struggles, and you are here NOW with the power to shape your day and your future. Every single thing that has ever happened in your life is preparing you for a moment that is yet to come.

9.) Stop trying to buy happiness. – Many of the things we desire are expensive. But the truth is, the things that really satisfy us are totally free – love, laughter and working on our passions.

10.) Stop exclusively looking to others for happiness. – If you’re not happy with who you are on the inside, you won’t be happy in a long-term relationship with anyone else either. You have to create stability in your own life first before you can share it with someone else. Read Stumbling on Happiness.

11.) Stop being idle. – Don’t think too much or you’ll create a problem that wasn’t even there in the first place. Evaluate situations and take decisive action. You cannot change what you refuse to confront. Making progress involves risk. Period! You can’t make it to second base with your foot on first.

12.) Stop thinking you’re not ready. – Nobody ever feels 100% ready when an opportunity arises. Because most great opportunities in life force us to grow beyond our comfort zones, which means we won’t feel totally comfortable at first.

13.) Stop getting involved in relationships for the wrong reasons. – Relationships must be chosen wisely. It’s better to be alone than to be in bad company. There’s no need to rush. If something is meant to be, it will happen – in the right time, with the right person, and for the best reason. Fall in love when you’re ready, not when you’re lonely.

14.) Stop rejecting new relationships just because old ones didn’t work. – In life you’ll realize that there is a purpose for everyone you meet. Some will test you, some will use you and some will teach you. But most importantly, some will bring out the best in you.

15.) Stop trying to compete against everyone else. – Don’t worry about what others are doing better than you. Concentrate on beating your own records every day. Success is a battle between YOU and YOURSELF only.

16.) Stop being jealous of others. – Jealousy is the art of counting someone else’s blessings instead of your own. Ask yourself this: “What’s something I have that everyone wants?”

17.) Stop complaining and feeling sorry for yourself. – Life’s curveballs are thrown for a reason – to shift your path in a direction that is meant for you. You may not see or understand everything the moment it happens, and it may be tough. But reflect back on those negative curveballs thrown at you in the past. You’ll often see that eventually they led you to a better place, person, state of mind, or situation. So smile! Let everyone know that today you are a lot stronger than you were yesterday, and you will be.

18.) Stop holding grudges. – Don’t live your life with hate in your heart. You will end up hurting yourself more than the people you hate. Forgiveness is not saying, “What you did to me is okay.” It is saying, “I’m not going to let what you did to me ruin my happiness forever.” Forgiveness is the answer… let go, find peace, liberate yourself! And remember, forgiveness is not just for other people, it’s for you too. If you must, forgive yourself, move on and try to do better next time.

19.) Stop letting others bring you down to their level. – Refuse to lower your standards to accommodate those who refuse to raise theirs.

20.) Stop wasting time explaining yourself to others. – Your friends don’t need it and your enemies won’t believe it anyway. Just do what you know in your heart is right.

21.) Stop doing the same things over and over without taking a break. – The time to take a deep breath is when you don’t have time for it. If you keep doing what you’re doing, you’ll keep getting what you’re getting. Sometimes you need to distance yourself to see things clearly.

22.) Stop overlooking the beauty of small moments. – Enjoy the little things, because one day you may look back and discover they were the big things. The best portion of your life will be the small, nameless moments you spend smiling with someone who matters to you. Little Wonders - Rob Thomas

23.) Stop trying to make things perfect. – The real world doesn’t reward perfectionists, it rewards people who get things done. Read Getting Things Done.

24.) Stop following the path of least resistance. – Life is not easy, especially when you plan on achieving something worthwhile. Don’t take the easy way out. Do something extraordinary.

25.) Stop acting like everything is fine if it isn’t. – It’s okay to fall apart for a little while. You don’t always have to pretend to be strong, and there is no need to constantly prove that everything is going well. You shouldn’t be concerned with what other people are thinking either – cry if you need to – it’s healthy to shed your tears. The sooner you do, the sooner you will be able to smile again.

26.) Stop blaming others for your troubles. – The extent to which you can achieve your dreams depends on the extent to which you take responsibility for your life. When you blame others for what you’re going through, you deny responsibility – you give others power over that part of your life.

27.) Stop trying to be everything to everyone. – Doing so is impossible, and trying will only burn you out. But making one person smile CAN change the world. Maybe not the whole world, but their world. So narrow your focus.

28.) Stop worrying so much. – Worry will not strip tomorrow of its burdens, it will strip today of its joy. One way to check if something is worth mulling over is to ask yourself this question: “Will this matter in one year’s time? Three years? Five years?” If not, then it’s not worth worrying about.

29.) Stop focusing on what you don’t want to happen. – Focus on what you do want to happen. Positive thinking is at the forefront of every great success story. If you awake every morning with the thought that something wonderful will happen in your life today, and you pay close attention, you’ll often find that you’re right.

30.) Stop being ungrateful. – No matter how good or bad you have it, wake up each day thankful for your life. Someone somewhere else is desperately fighting for theirs. Instead of thinking about what you’re missing, try thinking about what you have that everyone else is missing.